What are solar modules?
Solar modules convert sunlight directly into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. They form the basis of every photovoltaic system and enable an independent power supply for motorhomes, balconies, gardens, or off-grid systems.
In this section you will find clear explanations of:
- how solar modules work
- which types of construction exist
- which service you need
- what you should pay attention to when selecting and combining
- and how solar modules can be meaningfully integrated into a self-sufficient power system
This page serves as a guide for you – independent of specific products or prices.
How do solar panels work?
How does a solar panel work in simple terms?
A solar module consists of many solar cells that generate electrical voltage when exposed to light. This voltage is delivered as direct current (DC) and can be used directly or stored in batteries.
From sunlight to usable electricity
When sunlight strikes the solar cells, electrical energy is generated through the photovoltaic effect. The nominal power output is specified in watts and depends, among other things, on the module area, efficiency, and solar irradiance.
Power use, storage & control
In practice, solar modules rarely work alone. They are part of a system consisting of:
- Battery charge controller (control & protection)
- battery or storage
- optional inverter (conversion to 230V AC)
Only the interplay of these components enables a stable, self-sufficient power supply. Find the right solar panel for your setup and start your journey to self-sufficient energy.
What types of solar panels are there?
Depending on the application, mounting surface, and mobility requirements, different designs are used. Solar modules differ primarily in:
- Design (framed, flexible, foldable)
- Cell technology (e.g. PERC, Back-Contact)
- Power (watts)
- Intended use (stationary or mobile)
Framed solar panels
Framed solar panels are particularly robust and durable. They are especially suitable for permanent installations – for example, on house roofs, in gardens, or on sturdy boat roofs. Their aluminum frame makes them mechanically resistant and long-lasting.
Flexible solar modules
Flexible solar panels are lightweight, flat, and adaptable. They can be mounted on curved or sensitive surfaces – for example, on motorhomes or vans with limited roof load capacity.
Foldable solar panels
Foldable solar panels combine mobility with high performance. They can be flexibly set up, transported, and stored in a space-saving manner – ideal for camping, travel, or temporary applications – solar bags and solar suitcases are perfectly suited for this purpose.
Solar bags & solar suitcases
Solar bags are particularly lightweight and portable, easier to carry, and take up less space. Solar suitcases offer additional stability and often integrated technology such as charge controllers. Both types are especially suitable for flexible, mobile applications. The choice depends on your needs.
| MODULE TYPE | ADVANTAGES | TYPICAL USES |
|---|---|---|
| Framed solar panels | High performance, robust, durable | Balcony power plant, house, camper van roof |
| Flexible solar modules | Light and flexible | Motorhome, boat |
| Foldable solar panels | Mobile and portable | Camping, Outdoor, Plug & Play |
Select solar modules according to application
Solar panels for motorhomes & campers
Weight, available roof space, and mobility play a crucial role here. Flexible or foldable modules are particularly popular. It's important to match them to the energy requirements of a cooler, lights, laptop, or heater.
Solar panels for boats & yachts
On the water, vibration resistance, corrosion resistance, and low-profile designs are crucial. Shading from superstructures should also be taken into account.
Solar panels for garden, balcony & off-grid
Framed modules are often suitable for stationary applications. Mobile versions offer advantages for temporary solutions or limited space. Expandability and integration with storage are key features here.
What should you pay attention to when making your selection?
How many watts should a solar panel have?
The required power depends on the electricity consumption of your devices and their daily usage. Small appliances often require 50–150 watts, while self-sufficient systems in a camper van or garden require significantly more power.
Do solar panels also work in winter?
Yes. Solar panels generate electricity even on cloudy days and in winter. While the output decreases with lower sunlight, they remain functional. Orientation, tilt angle, and shading are crucial factors.
Combining solar modules effectively
Solar panels & power stations
Power stations enable mobile storage and flexible use of the generated electricity – ideal for camping or temporary applications.
Solar panels & batteries
Stationary or semi-autonomous systems rely on permanently installed batteries to store energy over longer periods.
Solar panels & charge controllers
The charge controller regulates the energy flow and protects batteries from overcharging or deep discharging. It is a central element of every PV system.
Frequently asked questions about solar modules
What is a PV module?
A PV module is a solar module that converts sunlight into electrical energy. It consists of several solar cells and is part of a photovoltaic system.
How much power do I need?
This depends on electricity consumption, usage duration, and connected devices. You can determine your electricity needs with our solar and self-sufficiency calculator .
How long do solar panels last?
High-quality modules have a lifespan of 20 to 30 years and only lose performance slowly.
Are solar panels maintenance-intensive?
No. They are considered low-maintenance. Occasional cleaning may be advisable if heavily soiled.
Is it possible to retrofit solar panels?
Yes. Existing systems can often be expanded, provided the charge controller and storage system are compatible.
What is the difference between flexible and framed modules?
Flexible modules are lighter and adaptable, while framed modules are more robust and designed for fixed installations.
Next steps – finding the right solution
Now that you know which design and application are relevant for you, you'll find suitable solutions in the corresponding categories. This thematic overview serves as a starting point – the specific selection is made on the respective overview pages.
How many solar panels do I need?
How many solar panels you need depends primarily on your electricity consumption, the available space, and the desired output of your solar system. While one or two panels are often sufficient for a motorhome, several panels can be beneficial for a balcony power plant to generate as much self-generated solar power as possible.
With our solar calculator , you can quickly calculate which power output suits your needs and which solar modules are suitable for your project.
Further guides about solar modules
If you would like to delve deeper into specific topics, you will find supplementary content on:
Ratgeber
Solar modules – Function, types & applications explained simply
Solar panels enable independent, sustainable power supply for motorhomes, gardens, balconies, or while traveling. This guide explains clearly how solar panels work, the different types available, a...
Solar panels in use – your path to self-sufficient power supply
Our YouTube channel is all about solar panels, mobile power generation, and true independence on the go . In our videos, we show how solar panels work, what types are available, and what's important when using them in campers, on boats, or in mobile applications.
A good understanding of solar modules is the key to a reliable, self-sufficient power supply – and thus to more freedom when traveling.
